Table 1. Pathological microscopic changes at the cellular level and tissue level in dysplasia

Cellular level changes	Tissue level changes
• Abnormal variation in cell size (Anisocytosis)	• Loss of polarity
• Increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio	• Disordered maturation from basal to squamous cells
• Abnormal mitotic figures (abnormal in shape or location)	• Increased cellular density
• Enlarged nuclei and cells	• Dyskeratosis (premature keratinization and keratin pearls deep in epithelium)
• Abnormal variation in nuclear size (anisonucleosis)	• Secondary extensions (nodules) on rete tips
• Increased number and size of nucleoli