Table 1. Four Groups of international standards for health records [24].

Group 1 : Nomenclature and terminology
LOINC Code names for identifying medical observations
SNOMED CT Terminology collection of medical terms
Group 2 : Privacy
HIPAA USA legislation for medical information
GDPR Regulation in European Union (EU) law on data protection and privacy for individuals within the EU and European Economic Area (EEA)
Group 3 : Structural and semantic
AS X12N Accredited standards committee X12-INS
CCD Specification for exchange clinical documents
CCR Specification for sharing continuity of care content
CDA Specification for clinical notes
DICOM Standard for medical digital imaging
Group 4 : Templates and technology platform
OpenMRS Platform and reference application named Open Medical Record System
OSCAR EHR system named Open Source Clinical Application and Resource