Table 1. Categorize interactive definitions based on approach [15].

Approach	Sources	Definition
Operability	Steuer, 1992	Interactivity is about the extent to which the user can affect the mediated environment and consists of three lower dimensions: speed, range, and mapping.- Speed: Regarding slow or fast compared to reality.- Range: How many different contents can be manipulated.- Mapping: How much user accessibility was considered in order to have a realistic interface.
	Lombard & Snyder-Dutch, 2001	The extent to which the user influences the shape and content of the mediated environment.
	Stapleton & Hughes, 2007	Depending on the device used by the recipient, the user type is divided into ‘Swimmers’, ‘Divers’ with HMD equipment, and ‘Waders’ to see other people’s experiences.
Functional aspects	Carey, 1989	It refers to the degree of human communication through telecommunication channels and the degree of interaction between people and media who can exchange personal information such as electronic banking.
	Laurel, 1990	Divided by frequency, range, and degree of significance, focusing on functional aspects of the media.
Psychological and perceptual aspects	Tassel, 1994	Categorized based on users’ communication needs (cybernetics/homostatic)
	Newhagen et al, 1996	Based on the degree of psychological sensation that detects the interaction between the message sender and receiver.
	Strain, 1997	Divide into 3 levels based on user needs and technical proficiency
	Ha&James, 1998	Divided by degree of reaction between the communicator and user.
	Kiousis, 1999	Distinguished by the level of users’ ability to increase awareness of telepresence by experiencing situations of interpersonal communication.
	Wu, 2000	Divided by perceived control, perceived response, perceived personalization.
	Coyle&Thorson, 2001	Depending on the degree of three aspects of mapping, speed, and user control, focusing on perceptual rather than functional aspects of interaction.
	McMillan&Hwang, 2002	The effects of media interaction are related to the direction, user control, and perceived interaction over time of users’ communication.
	Sohn&Lee, 2005	Users’ use of text is more affected by cognitive needs such as psychological factors (control, responsiveness, and interaction convenience) than social factors.
Combined aspects of process, characteristics, and perception	Rafaeli, 1988	process-oriented concept: Sequential relationships or relatedness between messages
	Heeter, 1989	Includes media functionality, selectability, user effort and response, monitoring the use of information, ease of adding information, and facilitation of interpersonal communication.
	Akyazi, 2005	Non-linear information accessibility, a sense of community affiliation, and a sense face-to-face communication, divided into user-media, user-user-media interactions.