Table 1. The 4 dimensions of grinding player experience.

Variable name Definition Item Source
Grinding in-autonomy An experience where players freely make decisions and choices in the game. Grinding because I’m interested.Grinding because I was forced.I hope grinding is optional according to my preference. Ryan et al. (2007)
Grinding in-competence The right balance between the challenge of the game and the player’s ability level. I am very good at grinding.While at grinding, I feel successful.While at grinding, I feel skilled.The way the grinding works is just fine. Ryan et al. (2007)
Grinding in-relatedness Refers to the degree of connection a player has with other players in the game. At grinding, I feel like I have found a sense of belonging to the team.At grinding, you can make many new friends.At grinding, I feel a good interaction with other players.At grinding, you can run your own relationships. Ryan et al. (2007)
Grinding in-positive affect There is enjoyment, joy and relaxation in the Grinding experience, and the post-grinding experience is energizing. At grinding, I was very happy.At grinding, I was very satisfied.I feel like the grinding is pretty impressive.The grinding is very attractive to me.The grinding makes me feel very interesting.At grinding, I felt myself imaginative at grinding. Poels et al. (2008)